271 research outputs found
Austrian higher education institutions' idiosyncrasies and technology transfer system
The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a PhD research (Heinzl, 2007) conducted on the Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria. The research is to establish an idiosyncrasy model for Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria showing the effects of their idiosyncrasies on the ability to successfully conduct technology transfer. Research applied in the study is centred on qualitative methods as major emphasis is placed on theory building. The study pursues a stepwise approach for the establishment of the idiosyncrasy model. In the first step, an initial technology transfer model and list of idiosyncrasies are established based on a synthesis of findings from secondary research. In the second step, these findings are enhanced by the means of empirical research including problem-centred expert interviews, a focus group and participant observation. In the third step, the idiosyncrasies are matched with the factors conducive for technology transfer and focused interviews have been conducted for this purpose. The findings show that idiosyncrasies of Universities of Applied Sciences have remarkable effects on their technology transfer abilities. This paper presents four of the models that emerge from the PhD research: Generic Technology Transfer Model (Section 5.1); Idiosyncrasies Model for the Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences (Section 5.2); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Effects Model (Section 5.3); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Cumulated Effects Model (Section 5.3). The primary and secondary research methods employed for this study are: literature survey, focus groups, participant observation, and interviews. The findings of the research contribute to a conceptual design of a technology transfer system which aims to enhance the higher education institutions' technology transfer performance
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Fabrication of Bone Substitute Material by Rapid Prototyping
Bone tissue engineering has gained much attention in recent years. A key requirement in this
field is the development of scaffold structures, on which cells adhere. This can be done by
fabricating scaffolds by direct procedures like 3D-printing or by indirect procedures like casting.
With the 3D-printing process different structures were build up by using hydroxyapatite powder
(HA) and a special binder material. Afterwards the printed 3D structures were sintered.
For the casting process molds have been made of different resins by stereolithography and other
processes using polymers and waxes. These structures were filled by a suspension of HA. By
heating the resulting polymer/ceramic composite to a specific temperature it is possible to
combust the polymer or wax. By further heating the remaining body, the HA is sintered.
Compared to the 3D printing a better resolution can be obtained here. But there are restrictions
regarding the ratio of polymer and the HA ceramic during the heating process which means a
limitation for the level of porosity.Mechanical Engineerin
A novel approach to light-front perturbation theory
We suggest a possible algorithm to calculate one-loop n-point functions
within a variant of light-front perturbation theory. The key ingredients are
the covariant Passarino-Veltman scheme and a surprising integration formula
that localises Feynman integrals at vanishing longitudinal momentum. The
resulting expressions are generalisations of Weinberg's infinite-momentum
results and are manifestly Lorentz invariant. For n = 2 and 3 we explicitly
show how to relate those to light-front integrals with standard energy
denominators. All expressions are rendered finite by means of transverse
dimensional regularisation.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Success in offshoring of application development – does culture matter?
Recently, offshoring of information systems (IS) services to external vendors has seen considerable growth. Outsourcing to vendors in foreign countries brings about unique challenges which need to be understood and managed effectively. This paper explores cultural differences in IS offshoring arrangements involving German client organizations that outsource application development activities to Indian vendors. For this purpose, a research framework is developed based on both theoretical considerations and specific empirical observations from multiple case studies. The goal is to (1) explore the nature of cultural differences in offshoring arrangements in depth and to (2) analyze the relationship between those cultural differences and offshoring success. Based on the case findings, implications and practices for the management of offshore development projects are outlined
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of (1+1)-dimensional theory in light-front field theory (III)
We investigate (1+1)-dimensional field theory in the symmetric and
broken phases using discrete light-front quantization. We calculate the
perturbative solution of the zero-mode constraint equation for both the
symmetric and broken phases and show that standard renormalization of the
theory yields finite results. We study the perturbative zero-mode contribution
to two diagrams and show that the light-front formulation gives the same result
as the equal-time formulation. In the broken phase of the theory, we obtain the
nonperturbative solutions of the constraint equation and confirm our previous
speculation that the critical coupling is logarithmically divergent. We discuss
the renormalization of this divergence but are not able to find a satisfactory
nonperturbative technique. Finally we investigate properties that are
insensitive to this divergence, calculate the critical exponent of the theory,
and find agreement with mean field theory as expected.Comment: 21 pages; OHSTPY-HEP-TH-94-014 and DOE/ER/01545-6
Statistical Physics and Light-Front Quantization
Light-front quantization has important advantages for describing relativistic
statistical systems, particularly systems for which boost invariance is
essential, such as the fireball created in a heavy ion collisions. In this
paper we develop light-front field theory at finite temperature and density
with special attention to quantum chromodynamics. We construct the most general
form of the statistical operator allowed by the Poincare algebra and show that
there are no zero-mode related problems when describing phase transitions. We
then demonstrate a direct connection between densities in light-front thermal
field theory and the parton distributions measured in hard scattering
experiments. Our approach thus generalizes the concept of a parton distribution
to finite temperature. In light-front quantization, the gauge-invariant Green's
functions of a quark in a medium can be defined in terms of just 2-component
spinors and have a much simpler spinor structure than the equal-time fermion
propagator. From the Green's function, we introduce the new concept of a
light-front density matrix, whose matrix elements are related to forward and to
off-diagonal parton distributions. Furthermore, we explain how thermodynamic
quantities can be calculated in discretized light-cone quantization, which is
applicable at high chemical potential and is not plagued by the
fermion-doubling problem.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures; v2: Refs. added, minor changes, accepted for
publication in PR
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of (1+1)-dimensional theory in light-front field theory (II)
We discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking of (1+1)-dimensional theory
in light-front field theory using a Tamm-Dancoff truncation. We show that, even
though light-front field theory has a simple vacuum state which is an
eigenstate of the full Hamiltonian, the field can develop a nonzero vacuum
expectation value. This occurs because the zero mode of the field must satisfy
an operator valued constraint equation. In the context of (1+1)-dimensional
theory we present solutions to the constraint equation using a
Tamm-Dancoff truncation to a finite number of particles and modes. We study the
behavior of the zero mode as a function of coupling and Fock space truncation.
The zero mode introduces new interactions into the Hamiltonian which breaks the
symmetry of the theory when the coupling is stronger than the critical
coupling.Comment: 25 page
Noncommutativity from spectral flow
We investigate the transition from second to first order systems. This
transforms configuration space into phase space and hence introduces
noncommutativity in the former. Quantum mechanically, the transition may be
described in terms of spectral flow. Gaps in the energy or mass spectrum may
become large which effectively truncates the available state space. Using both
operator and path integral languages we explicitly discuss examples in quantum
mechanics, (light-front) quantum field theory and string theory.Comment: 31 pages, one Postscript figur
Light-Front Quantisation as an Initial-Boundary Value Problem
In the light front quantisation scheme initial conditions are usually
provided on a single lightlike hyperplane. This, however, is insufficient to
yield a unique solution of the field equations. We investigate under which
additional conditions the problem of solving the field equations becomes well
posed. The consequences for quantisation are studied within a Hamiltonian
formulation by using the method of Faddeev and Jackiw for dealing with
first-order Lagrangians. For the prototype field theory of massive scalar
fields in 1+1 dimensions, we find that initial conditions for fixed light cone
time {\sl and} boundary conditions in the spatial variable are sufficient to
yield a consistent commutator algebra. Data on a second lightlike hyperplane
are not necessary. Hamiltonian and Euler-Lagrange equations of motion become
equivalent; the description of the dynamics remains canonical and simple. In
this way we justify the approach of discretised light cone quantisation.Comment: 26 pages (including figure), tex, figure in latex, TPR 93-
Path Integral Approach to Residual Gauge Fixing
In this paper we study the question of residual gauge fixing in the path
integral approach for a general class of axial-type gauges including the
light-cone gauge. We show that the two cases -- axial-type gauges and the
light-cone gauge -- lead to very different structures for the explicit forms of
the propagator. In the case of the axial-type gauges, fixing the residual
symmetry determines the propagator of the theory completely. On the other hand,
in the light-cone gauge there is still a prescription dependence even after
fixing the residual gauge symmetry, which is related to the existence of an
underlying global symmetry.Comment: revtex 13pages, slightly expanded discussion, version to be published
in Physical Review
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